@wraps | 6kyu

要点

  • decorator 装饰器用法
  • tryexceptelse control flow
  • getattr()setattr()
  • __dict__.update()

Details

Implement the functools.wraps decorator, which is used to preserve the name and docstring of a decorated function. Your decorator must not modify the behavior of the decorated function. Here’s an example :

def identity(func):
  @wraps(func)
  def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
    """Wraps func"""
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  return wrapper

@identity
def return_one():
  """Return one"""
  return 1

return_one.__name__ == 'return_one' # If wraps hadn't been used, __name__ would be equal to 'wrapper'
return_one.__doc__ == 'Return one' # If wraps hadn't been used, __doc__ would be equal to 'Wraps func'

Note: of course, you may not use the functools module for this kata.

题目要求,经过一次二重的装饰器,保留原来函数的 __name____doc__。二重装饰器 decorator,就是用一个 decorator 去 decorate 另一个 decorator。该二重装饰器装饰后的函数, 输出的是一重装饰器装饰过的函数,但是 __name____doc__ 得到保留,及为原函数的值。

依照题目给的例子,就是输出是被 decorator wraps 修饰过的 wrapper 函数,即函数主体和功能还是 wrapper,但因为被 wraps 装饰了,输出的 wrapper 函数的 __name____doc__ 值为原函数 return_one 的值。

My Solution

def wraps(func):
    def first(wrapper):
        return func
    return first

我的这个方法,其实是不正确的。因为我这个经过几次 decorate 又输出了原函数,按道理应该是输出 wrapper 函数的。

Other Solution

siebenschlaefer

def wraps(wrapped):
    def wrapper(func):
        for attr in ('__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__', '__doc__', '__annotations__'):
            try:
                value = getattr(wrapped, attr)
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            else:
                setattr(func, attr, value)
        func.__dict__.update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
        func.__wrapped__ = wrapped
        return func
    return wrapper

首先注意一下对应关系。经过一次二重的装饰后,
wrapped ➡️ return_one
func ➡️ wrapper

目标是输出 func ,但要把 func__name____doc__ 进行修改。修改这些 built-in 的值用到了 getattr()setattr()

You use them if the attribute you want to access is a variable and not a literal string. They let you parameterize attribute access/setting.

There’s no reason to do getattr(x, 'foobar'), but you might have a variable called attr that could be set to “foobar” or “otherAttr”, and then do getattr(x, attr).

tryexceptelseelse 后面是当 try 中的内容无错误时才执行的,否则时执行 except 中的内容。

try:
Normal execution block
except A:
Exception A handle
except B:
Exception B handle
except:
Other exception handleelse:
else:
if no exception,get here
finally:
print(“finally”)

Voile

def wraps(func):
    def f(g):
        g.__name__ = func.__name__
        g.__doc__ = func.__doc__
        return g
    return f

Voile 的解法更简洁。

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